Management, prevention and control of chronic noncommunicable diseases in ghana. Non communicable diseases control programme, disease control and prevention department, ghana health service, accra, ghana introduction ncds were particularly prominent in the global, regional and national public health agenda in 2011. The paper utilized descriptive and analytical statistical methods to assess the level of chronic noncommunicable diseases among older adults. Non communicable diseases currently exact a huge toll on populations across the globe. Identify the major communicable diseases that pose health problems in ethiopia. The major ncds in ghana are cardiovascular diseases. The world health organisation projects that the burden of disease due to. Double burden, noncommunicable diseases and risk factors evaluation in subsaharan africa. Increasing prevalence of noncommunicable diseases ncds has been observed in ghana as in other. Communicable and noncommunicable diseases in nigeria. It assesses the growing burden of non communicable diseases ncds in nigeria and its relationship with globalization. Department of community health, school of public health, college of health sciences.
Taken together, these five conditions account for an estimated 86% of. This paper is guided by two perspectives the costofillness coi approach11 and biographical. Project muse chronic noncommunicable diseases in ghana. Since communicable diseases in childhood are, in general, more amenable to broadbased primary prevention efforts than are non communicable diseases, their heavy burden reflects, among others, the difficult living conditions and the inadequacy of the primary health care system particularly in rural areas. By 2003 four chronic diseases, stroke, hypertension, diabetes and cancer, had become among the top ten causes of death in ghana. Strategy for the management, prevention and control of chronic non communicable diseases in ghana 20122016 august, 2012. The prevalence of non communicable diseases ncds is comparable to the greatest global health challenges we have had to confront in recent history. Communicable diseases in ghana communicable diseases along with maternal, perinatal and nutritional conditions in ghana accounted for an estimated 53 per cent majority of all mortality in 2008. National policy for the prevention and control of chronic non. Noncommunicable diseases control programme, disease control and prevention department, ghana health service, accra, ghana. This entry lists major infectious diseases likely to be encountered in countries where the risk of such diseases is assessed to be very high as compared to the united states. Chronic non communicable diseases ncds in ghana have caused significant illness and death in ghana for many years. Non communicable diseases ncds in ghana accounted for an estimated 39 per cent of all mortality in 2008.
Acting now to reverse course pdf, 523 kb noncommunicable diseases country profiles 2014 pdf, 2. It further describes the conceptual framework on which to view the impact of globalization on ncds in nigeria. Looking at noncommunicable diseases in uganda through a. Noncommunicable diseases in ghana commonwealth health. Results of the analysis of the data depict that, females dominate those who are suffering from noncommunicable diseases. This paper highlights the tenets of globalization and how its elements have spread to subsaharan africa, and nigeria in particular. The ghana ncd alliance ghncda has been launched with a called on civil society organisations to closely partner government to create awareness and prevent noncommunication diseases ncds. Communicable diseases in ghana commonwealth health. About global noncommunicable diseases division of global. The history of health in ghana was heavily influenced by international actors such as christian missionaries, european colonists, the world bank, and the international monetary fund. Noncommunicable diseases are by far the leading cause of death and the worlds number one killer. Noncommunicable diseases currently exact a huge toll on populations across the globe. Infectious diseases of ghana is one in a series of gideon ebooks which explore all individual infectious diseases, drugs, vaccines, outbreaks, surveys and pathogens in every country of the world.
Results of the analysis of the data depict that, females dominate those who are suffering from non communicable diseases. Alfred e yawson1, aaron a abuosi2, delali m badasu3, deborah atobra4, francis a adzei2, john k. Jul 10, 2017 ghana is a relatively small country located in western africa, with a population of about 28 million people. In 2008 the most prevalent ncds were cardiovascular diseases 18 per cent. The major ncds in ghana are cardiovascular diseases, cancers, diabetes, chronic respiratory diseases and sickle cell disease. Communicable diseases communicable diseases spread from one person to another or from an animal to a person. Globally, the first global ministerial conference on healthy lifestyles and non communicable disease con. Fogarty funds new noncommunicable disease programs fogarty.
Preventing nutritionrelated noncommunicable disease spring. Fogarty funds new noncommunicable disease programs. Strategy for the management, prevention and control of. The goal of the ghana ncds policy is to ensure that the burden of ncds is reduced to the. Recent researches, however, provide evidence on ncds among children in many countries, including ghana. The world health organization who is building a better future for people everywhere. Research article open access educational status and beliefs regarding noncommunicable diseases among children in ghana delali m. The thirteen common communicable diseases found in india are as follows. He commended the organizers for the initiative and called for the active involvement and support of all stakeholders, adding that with the above highlights, there could be quite a number of sufferers walking on the streets without access to basic information and primary care. The terms infectious and contagious are also used to describe communicable disease.
Chronic non communicable diseases ncds such as hypertension, stroke, diabetes and cancers, are major causes of disability and death in ghana. Analysis of noncommunicable disease prevention policies. Noncommunicable diseases ncds are currently responsible for 35% of all deaths in low and middleincome countries,1 and this alarming figure is predicted to rise in the near future. National policy for the prevention and control of chronic. Ghanas burden of chronic noncommunicable diseases ncbi.
Even as infections and nutritional deficiencies are receding as leading contributors to death and disability, cardiovascular diseases cvds, cancers, diabetes, neuropsychiatric ailments, and other. These infectious diseases represent risks to us government personnel traveling to the specified country for a period of less than three years. Noncommunicable diseases ncds contribute significantly to the global burden of disease, particularly in low to middle income countries where almost threequarters of all ncd deaths and the majority of premature ncd deaths occur. Also, people within 20 to 34 year group are mostly affected by non communicable diseases.
Noncommunicable diseases who regional office for africa. Alfred e yawson1, aaron a abuosi2, delali m badasu3. Communicable diseases along with maternal, perinatal and nutritional conditions in ghana accounted for an estimated 53 per cent majority of all mortality in 2008. The effect of communicable diseases among children in benin includes abstract and chapter one, complete project material available the effect of communicable diseases among children in benin abstractthis project work was designed to find out the effect of communicable diseases among children in benin city poor. Current disease estimates for ssa are based on sparse data, but. Noncommunicable diseases ncds are chronic medical conditions or diseases which are noninfectious.
They are also developmental problems, because the rising prevalence of longterm chronic conditions has major social and financial implications for affected individuals, families, healthcare providers and. Department of community health, school of public health, college of health sciences, university of ghana, korlebu, accra, ghana. Innovation needed to tackle global epidemic of non. Cancers, non communicable variants of respiratory diseases and diabetes contributed six per cent, five per cent and one per cent to total mortality respectively. Infectious diseases of ghana gideon global infectious. Noncommunicable diseases a race against time debbie bradshaw,1 krisela steyn, 2 naomi levitt, and beatrice nojilana1 1.
Subsaharan africa ssa has a disproportionate burden of both infectious and chronic diseases compared with other world regions. It assesses the growing burden of noncommunicable diseases ncds in nigeria and its relationship with globalization. The paper utilized descriptive and analytical statistical methods to assess the level of chronic non communicable diseases among older adults. Also, people within 20 to 34 year group are mostly affected by noncommunicable diseases. Philips fabric of africa report on noncommunicable diseases ncds challenges all of us to solve widespread health care problems that have been allowed to fester for far too long. In this paper we discuss the impact of cardiovascular diseases cvd on primary healthcare services in urban poor communities in accra, ghana. While there is clearly great work being done by health care professionals, policy makers, and nongovernmental organizations, we need to make progress faster. Control of chronic noncommunicable diseases in ghana august 2012. Increasing prevalence of non communicable diseases ncds has been observed in ghana as in other developing countries. Chronic noncommunicable diseases ncds such as hypertension, stroke, diabetes and cancers, are major causes of disability and death in ghana. The most common diseases in ghana and their prevention.
Jun 22, 2016 the burden of non communicable diseases ncds and their risk factors is increasing in subsaharan africa, and there have been calls for adopting a multisectoral approach in developing policies and programs to address this burden. The prevalence of major chronic non communicable diseases and their risk factors has increased over time and contributes significantly to the ghana s disease burden. Worldwide, the lack of clean water for drinking, cooking and washing, and the lack of sanitary waste disposal are to blame for over 12 million deaths a year, say researchers. According to the world health organization, 63 percent of deaths in 2008 were primarily a result of cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, cancers and chronic respiratory diseases. Pdf ghanas burden of chronic noncommunicable diseases. Analysis of noncommunicable disease prevention policies in.
The demographic and nutritional transitions taking place in uganda, just as in other low and middleincome countries lmic, are leading to accelerating growth of chronic, noncommunicable diseases ncds. The prevalence of major chronic noncommunicable diseases and their risk factors has increased over time and contributes significantly to the ghanas disease burden. Noncommunicable diseases ncds in ghana accounted for an estimated 39 per cent of all mortality in 2008. Tagoe household burden of chronic diseases in ghana 55 this paper presents results of a study that assessed the direct and indirect burden of chronic diseases in ghana.
The high cost of care drives the poor further into poverty. Non communicable diseases ncds are now recognized as a development issue. Cancers, noncommunicable variants of respiratory diseases and diabetes contributed six per cent, five per cent and one per cent to total mortality respectively. Epidemics of non communicable diseases ncd are presently emerging or accelerating in most developing countries murray and lopez 1996. To achieve this, a fiveyear data set was collected from takoradi hospital. Define epidemiology and epidemiological terminologies. Ghanas neglected chronic disease epidemic article pdf available in ghana medical journal 414. The burden of noncommunicable diseases is rising in rural communities, disproportionately a. Ncds account for 63 % of mortality globally and the 80 % of ncdrelated deaths that occur in low and middle income countries 4, 5. The prevalence of hiv in ghana, as a percentage of population aged 1549 years, stood at 1. Since communicable diseases in childhood are, in general, more amenable to broadbased primary prevention efforts than are noncommunicable diseases, their heavy burden reflects, among others, the difficult living conditions and the inadequacy of the primary health care system particularly in rural areas. Within the who european region, the impact of the major noncommunicable diseases diabetes, cardiovascular disease, cancer, chronic respiratory diseases and mental disorders is alarming. Chronic noncommunicable diseases and the challenge of universal. Presidents emergency plan for aids relief pepfar, cdc works with ghana to build a sustainable, highimpact national hiv response.
Ghana health service and the other agencies of the ministry of health, other sectors. Ghana is a relatively small country located in western africa, with a population of about 28 million people. Describe the burden of communicable diseases in ethiopia. Conditions like hypertension, stroke and diabetes affect young and old, urban and rural, and wealthy and poor communities. Future directions in research, practice and policy. Double burden, noncommunicable diseases and risk factors. The vision and mission of the ghncda is to create ncdsfree in ghana by contributing to reduce ncdrelated deaths and disabilities through health. Health lays the foundation for vibrant and productive communities, stronger economies, safer nations and a better world. They are also developmental problems, because the rising prevalence of longterm chronic conditions has major social and financial implications for affected. Novartis foundation and partners launch new hypertension. Our work touches lives around the world every day often in invisible ways. In recent years, ghana has made improvements in its national health, such as the reduction of infant mortality.
Epidemics of noncommunicable diseases ncd are presently emerging or accelerating in most developing countries murray and lopez 1996. Assignees 6 locally employed hiv hiv is a leading cause of death and a health threat to millions worldwide. In addition, the democratic shift in ghana spurred healthcare reforms in an attempt to address the presence of infectious and noncommunicable diseases eventually resulting in the formation of the national health. Policy strategy for the management, prevention and control of. Evidence exists largely from highincome countries on the success and lack thereof of multisectoral approach in improving population level health outcomes. Though still sparse, locally derived data on ncds in uganda has increased greatly over the past five years and will soon be bolstered by the first nationally representative data set on ncds. When i stepped down from my role as unaids director in 2008 i went on a farewell tour that took me to africa.
The vision and mission of the ghncda is to create ncdsfree in ghana by contributing to reduce ncdrelated deaths and disabilities through health promotion, proper coordination, health. The ghana ncd alliance ghncda has been launched with a called on civil society organisations to closely partner government to create awareness and prevent non communication diseases ncds. Beaglehole r, ebrahim s, reddy s, voute j, leeder s. Common examples include stroke, heart attacks, diabetes, cancer, asthma and depression. Burden of disease research unit, south african medical research council 2. K2 abstract this study was aimed to assess the age and sex specific burden and associated risk factors of ncds in adult population of southsouth nigeria.
World economic forum, harvard school of public health. The global economic burden of noncommunicable diseases pdf icon external icon. Leading causes of dalys and percent change 1990 to 2010 for ghana. Current projections indicate that by 2020, the largest increase in ncdrelated deaths will occur in africa and by 2030, ncdrelated deaths will. Nov 19, 2014 the demographic and nutritional transitions taking place in uganda, just as in other low and middleincome countries lmic, are leading to accelerating growth of chronic, non communicable diseases ncds. They account for over 36 million deaths annually, with nearly 80 per cent of the deaths. The burden of noncommunicable diseases ncds and their risk factors are increasing in subsaharan africa. Deaths worldwide from noncommunicable diseases ncds now exceed all communicable deaths combined and represent an emerging global health threat. Ghana ncd alliance launched to help reduce noncommunicable. Communicable, maternal, perinatal and nutritional conditions. The prevalence of hiv in ghana, as a percentage of population aged 15. Beliefs about the cause of ncds among children may be determined by the socioeconomic status of parents and care givers.
Noncommunicable diseases ncds contribute significantly to illness, disability and deaths in ghana. Basel, october 29, 2015 the novartis foundation and its partners have begun screening patients in the communitybased hypertension improvement project comhip, a twoyear program designed to evaluate the impact of an innovative healthcare model on hypertension management and control in ghana. The prevalence and distribution of noncommunicable. Chronic noncommunicable diseases ncds in ghana have caused significant illness and death in ghana for many years. Non communicable diseases ncds contribute significantly to illness, disability and deaths in ghana. The epidemic of noncommunicable diseases ncds is the epidemic of the 21st century. Increasing prevalence of noncommunicable diseases ncds has been observed in ghana as in other developing countries.
Jun 12, 2014 chronic non communicable diseases ncds such as hypertension, stroke, diabetes and cancers, are major causes of disability and death in ghana. Noncommunicable diseases country profile world health. Communicable disease control 1 chapter one introduction 1. Pdf on jan 1, 20, degraft aikins and others published noncommunicable diseases in ghana. The first four share common risk factors namely, tobacco, harmful use of.
Mar 27, 2014 noncommunicable diseases are by far the leading cause of death and the worlds number one killer. The burden of noncommunicable diseases in south africa. Common risk factors for chronic noncommunicable diseases among older adults in china, ghana, mexico,india,russiaandsouthafrica. Educational status and beliefs regarding noncommunicable. Yet, until recently, they have been neglected and not considered a health priority. Common risk factors for chronic noncommunicable diseases. The prevalence of noncommunicable diseases ncds is comparable to the greatest global health challenges we have had to confront in recent history. The spread often happens via airborne viruses or bacteria, but also through blood or other body fluid. The prevalence of major chronic noncommunicable diseases and their risk factors has increased over time and contributes significantly to the ghanas disease. Educational status and beliefs regarding non communicable diseases among children in ghana delali m. According to the ethiopian federal ministry of health, communicable diseases accounted for most of the top ten causes of illness and death in 200809. Some of the major ncds are preceded by unhealthy behaviours followed by the emergence of south africa faces a race against time to reduce the risk factor.